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THE VIETNAM WAR – A Different Conclusion from a Brilliant Mind (and a bit of a tribute really)

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Denis Warner OBE, CMG

On Monday I went to the funeral of my great uncle, my grandfather’s brother and the last surviving Warner of his generation. His name was Denis Warner and he was something of a journalistic legend. He was awarded both an OBE and CMG (order of St Michael and St George) for his contribution to journalism. He lived and worked extensively throughout Asia and Australia, for many years as a war correspondent. His coverage included that of the allied push to recapture Asia-Pacific territory seized by Japan, the Cold War and the Vietnam War.

The Vietnam War (get your context here) was widely considered to be a meaningless war, a catastrophic defeat for US-led forces and a sleight against humanity. This perspective contributed to widespread emotional and psychological health problems among the veterans that served in and returned from Vietnam. But Denis Warner formed a different view and one I’d not heard before.

In his eulogy, delivered by his longtime colleague and friend Michael Richardson, it was noted that a retrospective article written by Denis on Vietnam was particularly remarkable. It was published in the International Herald Tribune and the New York Times in April 2000 to mark the 25th Anniversary of the fall of Saigon and stated that the Vietnam War had

“bought time for the non-communist countries of Southeast Asia to strengthen themselves, and concentrate on reform and economic development, so that by the time the Vietnamese Communists emerged victorious, the Southeast Asian ‘dominoes’ stood firm instead of falling, as the Hanoi propagandists predicted.

In the end, it was the communist-led states pf Indo-China (Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia)  that had to accept peaceful co-existence and later join the non-communist Association of the South East Asian nations (ASEAN). 

Denis highlighted in his article just how precarious hings were for these non-communist countries, namely Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. They faced a likely communist alliance between Indonesia and China, a strength of which could well have dissolved any resistance. After reading the article, Singapore’s leader (and close friend of DW) Lee Kuan Yew wrote to Denis expressing his agreement:

“You put it well. I was, and still am, convinced that if LBJ (US President Johnson) had not got US forces to stay in Vietnam in 1965, but had bowed out, the will to resist in South East Asia would have melted. The Thais would have yielded to the seemingly inevitable, and Malaysia and Singapore would have been chewed up. Indonesia would have also been overtaken. What a joy and relief to have a living witness speak out the truth, although it is unpopular with the liberal media.” 

It’s an interesting perspective and one worth noting I think, however long ago it all happened. Well I think so anyway, maybe I’m just being overly proud of my great uncle.

On that note, and as an aside, Australians were highly regarded as war reporters, partly because they didn’t rely on military briefings but went to the front and lived with the fighters on the ground, and because, according to one correspondent, they were not afraid of camping. Denis Warner was one of these. As a man of integrity and good judgment he developed many contacts in high places over the years, many of whom trusted him with insights no working journalist would be privy to today. In light of recent events surrounding the Murdoch Press and phone hacking scandals (I am working on a post on this so watch this space), it is possible that the press will never again win the trust of any mover and shaker in the way of Denis and his contemporaries, and that a great percentage of what we read will be obtained by clandestine means with wobbly accuracy and questionable credibility. What a shame. Another reason to long for the Good Old Days.

Goodbye Denis Ashton Warner, you “giant of the best of journalism” and loving family man. And thank you.

Look Back On…THE VIETNAM WAR

I don’t mean to be so war oriented, it’s just that a few things have happened this week that make these particular wars relevant.

Today is Vietnam Veteran’s Day and the 45th anniversary of the Battle of Long Tan and until today I had heard of it but couldn’t say exactly what it was, which seems a terrible insult to the people involved, who must carry stuff like this with them like a sack ‘o spuds, not to mention the people who were rewarded and acclaimed for their bravery in this David and Goliath battle. Here’s what happened – in a South Vietnamese  rubber plantation, near the village of Long Tan, 108 ANZACS repelled a large convoy (up to 2000 ) of Vietcong. They were outnumbered 25 to 1, 18 Australians were killed and 24 wounded, while at least 245 Vietcong were killed. It was a clear Australian victory. While I can’t rejoice in the death of anyone, I can respect the fact that the battle is cited as an example of good military co-ordination and I agree that the Vietnam Vets involved should have their gallantry honoured, as it has been done  (belatedly) today by Govenor General Quentin Bryce.

But that all begged the question, to which I had only vague answers – why were the Aussie’s there in the first place and why was there a war at all? Rightio, as concise as I can…

When? The Vietnam War had its roots back in the forties when it was a French colony, but it started officially in 1959 and ended in 1975.

What? It was a conflict based on a successful attempt to reunify North and South Vietnam under communist rule. Essentially the French and the US were shitting themselves about the spread of communism and so intervened to assist the South Vietnamese army resist takeover by big old commie Ho Chi Minh and his rebel mates.

Who? On the communist side were the people of the Democratic Republic of North Vietnam and the South Vietnamese National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (labelled the Viet Cong by the US to discredit them – and maybe because it’s less of a mouthful to holler in the jungle?). These communist groups were assisted by China and the Soviet Union. On the other side was the Republic of Vietnam, the Us and its allies (Australia included).

Why? Well in 1954, French forces surrendered their colony at the hand of the Viet Minh(a liberation movement formed by Prime MInister Ho Chi Minh in 1941 to seek independence from France). This lead to a (supposedly temporary) division of Vietnam into North and South. The North was made a socialist state by the Viet Minh. In the South, with military and financial assistance from the US, a non-communist state was formed, headed by Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem. In 1955, Diem claimed that the North was plotting to take the South by force and launched a campaign to denounce the communists. Thousands of communists and those suspected were imprisoned, tortured or executed. Finally in 1959, the northern communist party, under pressure from the embattled southern communists, authorised an armed struggle to mobilise Diem opposition and reunify Vietnam. The National Liberation Front (NLF) was born.  Infiltration of men and weapons began from the north along the Ho Chi Minh trail. Frightened by the threat of communism (during the Cold War), US President Kennedy sent in troops to aid and train the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN).

What Happened Next?  Ok I’m cutting a long story short here so please don’t think I’m trivialising things…Bombing of North Vietnam, search-and-destroy missions, Guerilla warfare (used widely by the NLF), Americanisation of South Vietnam, corruption, US anti-war demonstrations, allied forces called up (conscripted Aussie troops departed for Vietnam in 1965), more fighting, massacre at the hands of US GI (including the infamous Mai Lai tragedy in which up to 504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians wre tortured, raped and killed at the hands of arsehole US soldiers) which lead to further and louder protest and a huge anti-war movement…

The Mai Lai Massacre - Heartbreaking :-(

How did this Shamozzle End?  In the US and Australia, the anti-war movement gathered such momentum that politically it was ridiculous for potential leaders to support the war. The US under Nixon altered tactics to withdraw whilst intensifying bombing on Communist sanctuaries in Cambodia and stepping up training of ARVN. In 1973, a peace agreement was signed by all parties which provided for US withdrawal. The fighting between South Vietnam and the communists continued until finally the north launched an offensive in 1975 and ARVN resistance collapsed and Saigon fell at the hands of the NLF. Vietnam was reunified in 1976 and Saigon was renamed Ho-Chi Minh City.

What Was The Wash Up? Casualties of war (estimated): US troops – 57,690; ARVN – 240,000; NFL – 666,000; North Vietnamese civilians – 65,000; South Vietnamese civilians – 300,000; Aus & NZ troops – 659.

And Vietnam Today? Well Vietnam still has a communist Government, but a market controlled (capitalist) economy, similar to China. At this time, China and Vietnam are said to be the fastest growing economies in the world.

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